Institute for Integrative Healthcare Studies

3 Bodywork Techniques Ideal for Spring Cleaning

Spring has finally rolled around, and the first thing that may come to mind is cleaning your home from top to bottom. Spring also happens to be the best time of year to get rid of the toxins in your body - learn which three massage techniques are especially suited for this task.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

As the cobwebs of winter dissipate with spring’s rainfall, the human body has its own way of adjusting to longer hours of daylight and increases in the outside temperature. By getting rid of the dirt that has accrued over the colder months, the tradition of spring cleaning promotes clean homes across the continents. Similarly, many realize spring as the ideal season to rid their body of the toxins accumulated over winter. Known specifically for their internal cleansing properties, certain bodywork techniques have the ability to support this ritualistic detoxification.

Chinese medical theory teaches its students that the energy in the liver organ system is most active in the spring. As the first line of defense against accumulated poisons, the liver’s role in cleansing the blood makes it one of the most important targets for detoxification. According to Denver naturopath and yoga instructor Brenna Hatami, “Spring represents the best time of year for cleansing the body for many reasons.” Hatami cites the availability of lighter foods, milder weather enticing more people outdoors and the enhanced regenerative properties of the liver as contributing to spring’s history as the season where people return to health.

Today, with more toxins in the environment than ever, “it's critical to detox,” says Linda Page, N.D., Ph.D., the author of Detoxification (Healthy Healing Publications). Page recommends detoxifying for symptoms such as unexplained fatigue, sluggish elimination, irritated skin, allergies or low-grade infections, bags under the eyes, a distended stomach even if the rest of your body is thin, menstrual difficulties or mental confusion.

Among advocates of detoxification, there is dissension about what constitutes the ideal detoxification regimen. However, any program that augments the removal of toxins will improve health. Depending on who is consulted, a plan for detoxification may involve many factors, including:

· A highly specialized diet – often organic, vegetarian and low-fat
· Fasting
· Herbal supplements
· Bodywork
· Colonics
· Perspiration practices
· Increased water consumption
· Physical activity

While no one method is sufficient for a complete system overhaul, combining several detoxification approaches always enhances toxin removal quantity.

Bodywork to Detoxify
There are a number of different massage therapy techniques that encourage detoxification. While a case for impurity elimination can be constructed for many of these approaches, three kinds of bodywork are known to be especially supportive of detoxification:

1. Shiatsu for the Liver – Based on the meridian network mapped by Traditional Chinese Medicine, stimulating points along the liver channel help stimulate this organ to be a more efficient blood purifier. Performing shiatsu on Liver 3, the source point of the liver, is especially effective in increasing the blood circulation and thus purification capacity of this organ.

2. Lymphatic Drainage Massage – Integral to detoxification, the lymphatic system sequesters circulating threats in the body and aids in their elimination. Thus, draining the lymph nodes of accumulated toxins with lymphatic drainage massage removes blockages and improves their cleansing function.

3. Swedish Massage – Because the circulation resulting from Swedish massage enhances oxygen exchange among local tissues and improves colon drainage capability, this is a good addition for helping escort impurities out of the body.

Bodywork Caution
Massage therapists working with clients undergoing an intense detoxification program must be aware of the potential for a Herxheimer reaction. The Herxheimer reaction occurs when the body is detoxifying too rapidly, causing toxins to be released faster than the body can eliminate them. When this occurs, symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting and malaise typically ensue. Although a Herxheimer reaction is short-lived, it can be severe enough for a client to stop detoxification.

To minimize this problem, advise clients undergoing detoxification to:

· proceed with their detox program slowly
· drink lots of pure water
· avoid exposure to environmental toxins
· avoid eating refined, processed foods
· abstain from alcohol
· perspire through exercise or taking a sauna/steam bath

Encourage established or potential clients to take advantage of spring’s momentum by cleansing themselves of the toxins residing within. As long as bodyworkers are careful to circumvent a Herxheimer reaction, shiatsu for the liver, lymphatic drainage massage and Swedish massage are the perfect accompaniments to someone’s internal spring cleaning.

References:

http://chetday.com , Detoxification Details, Ted H. Spence, DDS, ND, PhD/DSc, MPH, chetday.com, 2008.

http://life.gaiam.com, 10 Ways to Detoxify Your Body, Deborahann Smith, Gaiam Inc., 2008.

Marty, Diane M., Detox Days, Body Sense, Spring/Summer 2004.

www.healthydetoxtips.com, Detox - Why You Need To Start Now, How to Detox, 2008.

www.integrative-healthcare.com/mt, Emotional Spring Cleaning, Nicole Cutler, L.Ac., Natural Wellness, 2008.

www.massagemag.com, Massage Eases Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Massage Magazine, March/April 2005.

www.talkmince.com, Detox Massage for Body Cleansing, Sandra Kim Leong, 2008.

Massage Therapists Beware: Drug and Citrus Caution

When combined with grapefruit, the side effects of certain medications can intensify. Since these side effects may impact massage therapy, practitioners knowing about this potential are especially valuable to their clients.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

People on certain medications may or may not be aware of the potential danger evoked when they consume grapefruit or any of its derivatives. Because their work can have a dramatic effect on clients taking certain medications, the possibility of grapefruit interfering with a drug is even more complicated for massage therapists. Thus, bodyworkers taking extra precautions for clients who could have a drug and citrus interaction are better equipped to deliver a safe and therapeutic massage.

Grapefruit’s Good Side
Grapefruit and its juice are healthful, providing enough vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber and other nutrients to earn the American Heart Association’s “heart-check” mark. Aside from the mixture of sweet and sour favored by so many, some of the documented health benefits of grapefruit include:

· Inhibition of tumor formation
· Supporting the body’s excretion of toxins
· Hindering Hepatitis C propagation
· Improvement in cholesterol levels
· Protection during cold and flu season

While this fruit’s obvious advantages explain its frequent recommendation by nutritionists, grapefruit can dangerously interact with over 50 medications.

Grapefruit’s Not So Good Side
Despite its reputation as one of nature’s perfect creations, grapefruit interferes with the absorption of certain medications. A compound in grapefruit binds to the enzyme CYP3A4 in the intestinal tract – the same enzyme that many drugs fasten to. Because this enzyme is occupied by the grapefruit, the medications that typically bind to it are blocked and pass from the digestive system to the bloodstream. This causes quantities of the drug to rise faster and higher than desired, sometimes dangerously too high.

Although the medications that interact with grapefruit juice always carry clear warnings, many consumers fail to fully read drug labels. Unfortunately, many people are unaware of their drug’s interaction with grapefruit. Since a single glass of grapefruit juice can reduce a drug’s intestinal absorption by nearly 50 percent, only a small amount is needed to dramatically boost blood levels of susceptible drugs.

An abbreviated list of commonly prescribed drugs that interact with grapefruit include:

· Anxiety: Xanax, Buspar, Versed, Halcion
· Depression: Luvox, Zoloft
· Allergies: Allegra
· Abnormal heart rhythm: Cordarone, Quinidine
· Heart disease/stroke/blood clots: Coumadin
· Epilepsy: Tegretol
· Cancer: Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Tamoxifen, Vinblastine, Vincristine
· Cough: Dextromethorphan
· HIV: Agenerase, Crixivan, Viracept, Norvir, Fortovase
· Prostate enlargement: Proscar
· Heart disease/High blood pressure: Coreg, Cardizem, Plendil, Cardene, Adalat, Procardia, Nimotop, Sular, Covera, Calan, Verelan
· Erectile dysfunction: Viagra, Cialis
· Asthma/Emphysema: Theophylline
· High cholesterol: Lipitor, Lescol, Mevacor, Zocor
· Pain: Alfenta, Duragesic, Actiq, Sufenta

Adding Massage Therapy to the Mix
Similar to any medical treatment capable of dramatic health improvements, massage therapy must be practiced with care. Included in careful bodywork administration is understanding that medications influence massage. Depending on the absorption, distribution and excretion of any particular drug, enhancing circulation through massage therapy can impact the function or side effects of that medication. Making for a larger potential impact, taking a drug that interacts with grapefruit while consuming grapefruit can exaggerate the side effects impacting massage therapy. Therefore, massage therapists can make the best decisions about giving a treatment when they know:

· which drugs carry a contraindication or side effect impacting massage
· and which drugs interact with grapefruit.

Below are three examples of drugs that fall into both categories and their corresponding massage implications:

1. Xanax – An anti-anxiety medication known to interact with grapefruit, this drug can cause fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness and hypotension. Thus, clients who are taking this drug and who have also recently consumed grapefruit are at much higher risk for getting dizzy or experiencing hypotension when changing positions or getting off the massage table.

2. Zoloft – This antidepressant medication also interacts with grapefruit. Its side effects that may impact massage include orthostatic hypotension, sleepiness, anxiety and insomnia. Thus, clients taking this drug who have recently consumed grapefruit are more likely to need stimulating strokes (such as tapotement) for orthostatic hypotension or sleepiness, or slow and rhythmic strokes (such as rocking) for anxiety or insomnia.

3. Duragesic – An externally applied patch used for pain, this narcotic also interacts with grapefruit. Side effects that can impact massage include dizziness, sedation, euphoria and decreased pain sensation. When working with clients on Duragesic, therapists must be extra careful with their depth and pressure due to decreased pain sensation – especially if the drug level in the blood is elevated from grapefruit consumption.

The problem of abnormally high blood levels of a drug caused by grapefruit consumption would not exist if everyone understood the warnings associated with their medication. However, massage therapists work in the real world, where some people are too hurried to comprehensively read and understand their drug’s labels.

Bodyworkers who recognize a client’s medication as one that interacts with grapefruit should always inquire about their fondness for this citrus fruit. By informing clients on these drugs of the danger of mixing it with grapefruit, advising them to discuss it with their physician and being careful with massage by assuming a possible exaggeration of side effects, massage therapists actively contribute to the safety of their clients and to the elevation of their profession.

Recommended Study:
Pharmacology for Massage

References:

Pharmacology Guide for Massage Therapy, Natural Wellness, 2008.

Werner, Ruth, You’re Taking What? Massage and Common Medications, Massage & Bodywork, April/May 2006.

www.globalrph.com, Drug-Grapefruit Interactions, D.McAuley, GlobalRPh Inc., 2008.

www.health.harvard.edu, Grapefruit and Medication: A Cautionary Note, President and Fellows of Harvard College, February 2006.

www.hepatitis-central.com/mt, Update: What You Need to Know About Grapefruit and Hepatitis C, Nicole Cutler, L.Ac., Natural Wellness, 2008.

www.webmd.com, Grapefruit May Improve Cholesterol, Miranda Hitti, WebMD, LLC, 2008.

2 Massage Therapy Methods for Scoliosis

The principle goal of traditional scoliosis treatment is to reduce the progression of spine curvature. However, two techniques employed by bodyworkers can reduce some of the most frequent complaints of people with scoliosis.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Affecting the spines of children, teenagers and adults, an estimated six million people suffer from some form of scoliosis in the United States. While the human spine features several natural curvatures to allow for movement and flexibility, scoliosis is diagnosed when there is an abnormal curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is rarely fatal, but it can severely impact a person’s quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Although not one of the treatment options for correcting this condition, massage therapy can help relieve some of the resulting back pain, shallow breathing, sciatica, headaches and insomnia brought on by this aberrant spinal structure.

Spinal Curves
Curves are a normal part of the spine’s structure. Looking at the spine from a lateral view, a properly formed spine resembles a soft ‘S’ shape to maintain balance over the pelvis. From a posterior view, a normal spine will appear vertically straight from the neck to the sacrum.

Scoliosis is diagnosed when a posterior view of the spinal column reveals lateral bends. A scoliosis curve to the right side of center will form a compensating bend back to the left side, and vice versa. Scoliosis usually occurs in the thoracic or lumbar areas of the back. A normal spine has a vertical curve measuring less than 10 degrees. By measuring the curve’s angle using the vertebra at the apex of the curve as a starting point, a scoliotic spine measures curves of 10 degrees in mild cases and up to 90 degrees in the most severe cases.

Distribution and Causes
Most cases of scoliosis are considered to be of unknown origin, otherwise known as idiopathic. Statistics confirm that scoliosis is more prevalent in girls than in boys, and develops in adolescence in eighty percent of all cases. While it is also found in adults, most professionals assume that these scoliosis diagnoses were missed during childhood.

Sometimes, scoliosis can be a result of physical trauma or stress, such as a car accident. Rarely, congenital or infantile scoliosis occurs when severe spinal deformities are present at birth. While all of the following theories have not yet been validated, research has indicated that possible causes of scoliosis include:

· connective tissue disorders
· nervous system abnormalities
· hormonal imbalances
· genetic/hereditary factors
· consistent physical or emotional stress

Treatment
Once diagnosed with scoliosis, there are several considerations a professional will evaluate before assessing treatment. These include determining:
· if the spine is still growing and changing

· how severe the curvature is

· the extent the patient’s lifestyle is impacted

· the curve’s location – according to the Scoliosis Research Society, thoracic curves are more likely to progress than lumbar curves

· the curve’s potential for progression – those with large curves prior to their adolescent growth spurts are more likely to experience curve progression.
After these variables are analyzed, the three treatment options to consider are:

1. Observation – In mild cases of scoliosis, the only treatment warranted is periodic physician observation to ensure that the problem has not increased.

2. Orthopedic Bracing – The most common treatment used for scoliosis, bracing is used for curves of 30-40 degrees. While a brace does not change the amount of curvature already present, a brace can stop the curve’s progression. Since most curve progressions occur during a child’s growth phase, bracing is most common from infancy through adolescence. Braces have replaced full torso non-removable casts and are usually worn 23 hours per day.

3. Surgery – Surgery is used to stabilize the spine. In a procedure called Bone-Fusion, an orthopedic surgeon takes tiny pieces of bone from the patient’s pelvis and inserts them between the vertebrae in hopes of stimulating the bones to eventually grow together. During the surgery a metal rod, hooks and wire are inserted to keep the spine straight until the bones fuse. The hardware is rarely removed because that would require another extensive surgery.

Alternative Medicine for Scoliosis Relief
Since scoliosis is considered a deformity, the treatments discussed above are focused solely on reducing the progression of the problem. Due to the elongated musculature on one side and the shortened musculature on the opposite side, back pain, shallow breathing, sciatica, headaches and insomnia are frequent issues that a person with scoliosis must contend with. Consequently, many alternative treatments have been used to help reduce the problems caused by excessive curvature of the spine.

While Rolfing®, yoga, acupuncture, structural integration and exercise have a history of improving scoliosis symptoms, two massage therapy techniques also can help this condition:

1. Cranial-Sacral Therapy – By gently addressing restricted tissue patterns surrounding and within the spinal column, adipose tissue and the dural tube, cranial-sacral therapy’s mobilization of fascia, gentle traction and enhancing mobility of the body can help bring some balance to the spine.

2. Deep Tissue Massage – Deep tissue work, neuromuscular therapy and assisted stretching techniques to hypertonic muscles enhance local circulation and can bring relief from muscular pain and related adhesions. By elongating these tightened areas, the causal pull on the spine can relax. However, therapists should be aware that deep work on the overstretched fascia covering the ribs is not beneficial.

Since scoliosis reforms bone and becomes more difficult to liberate beyond 25 years of age, younger patients can have more dramatic results. While scoliotic patterns can change for adults too, older bodies change more slowly and differently than with youth.

Alternative treatments are not suggested to replace a traditional physician’s prescription. However, massage therapy can help reduce some of scoliosis’ related symptoms. Appropriate application of cranial-sacral therapy and deep tissue massage can provide a respite for continuously over-stretched fascia and muscles, thus lessening the stress on a wrenched spinal column.

References:

Dalton, Erik, Symptomatic Scoliosis, Massage and Bodywork, April/May 2006.

Lensman, Lena, Getting it Straight: Scoliosis and Structural Integration, Massage and Bodywork, April/May 2003.

http://erikdalton.com, “Scoliosis – A Case Study”, Erik Dalton, PhD, Rolf Institute, 2008.

Wanveer, Tad, LMT, CST-D, Scoliosis and CranioSacral Therapy, Massage Today, February 2008.

www.associatedcontent.com, Rolfing: Treating Scoliosis With A Special Massage, Jennifer Dooley, Associated Content, Inc., January 2008.

www.spineuniverse.com, The Natural Curves of Your Spine, Stewart E. Eidelson, MD, SpineUniverse.com, 2008.

www.yogajournal.com, Back to Back, Elise Miller, Cruz Bay Publishing Inc., 2008.

Chromotherapy: A Fascinating Similarity to Polarity

Polarity therapy has established itself as an effective system of alternative healthcare. Founded on similar physical concepts, adding chromotherapy to polarity-based bodywork is likely to enhance client results. What is chromotherapy?

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

For centuries, a select group of alternative healthcare practitioners have known that colors can dramatically affect health, inner harmony and emotions. Although those trained within the conventional medical model may doubt the efficacy of color therapy, or chromotherapy, a surprising number of success stories have surfaced touting the ability of color to impact human health. As the science behind chromotherapy is uncovered, it is easy to recognize it’s parallel with polarity therapy. Since polarity therapy and chromotherapy are both deeply routed in the basic laws of vibrational physics, these two modalities make a logical union.

Chromotherapy
Based on the premise that different bands of the light spectrum produce different effects in the human body, chromotherapy is known as a vibrational healing modality. When color and light strike an individual, they influence that same vibration present in the body.

The set of frequencies related to musical notes demonstrates how the vibration of color can influence the human body. If two properly tuned guitars are in the same room and the G string is plucked on one guitar, the G string on the second guitar will also ring. This phenomenon occurs because the sound frequency of the G note travels across the room causing the resonant frequency of the G string on the second guitar to sound. Likewise, the body’s organs have their own resonant frequencies associated with each chakra and meridian. Well known to physicists, the electrically charged molecules composing living tissue is always vibrating. Thus, chromotherapy practitioners can tune their clients for optimal wellness by exposing chakras and meridians to the color needed.

Some of the properties of color that render it a potential healing tool include:

· A property of light, color is electromagnetic energy.

· Different colors of light have different wavelengths.

· The shorter the wavelength, like violet, the faster it vibrates; the longer the wavelength, like red, the slower it vibrates.

Creating resonance between the body’s vibrating electromagnetic particles and the desired color’s vibration helps chromotherapy recipients achieve a more healthful state.

Chromotherapy in Practice
Applying the principles of chromotherapy, a therapist can utilize light and color in various forms. Some of its more common applications include projecting colored light onto certain areas of the body, suggesting colored visualizations and incorporating various colored materials into a session. Each basic color used in chromotherapy is associated with a different chakra and relates to different physical and emotional issues:

· Red – Red stimulates brain wave activity, increases heart rate, respiration and blood pressure and excites the sexual glands. It energizes the first chakra located at the coccyx. Warming and energizing, red is appropriate for someone who is tired, cold and has poor circulation.

· Orange – The color of joy and wisdom, orange energizes the second chakra located at the sacrum. Regarded to stimulate the appetite, orange is beneficial for illnesses of the colon and digestion.

· Yellow – Related to the solar plexus chakra, yellow energizes, lifts the mood, improves memory and can improve digestion.

· Green – Affecting the heart chakra, green is calming to the central nervous system. A good color for cardiac conditions, high blood pressure and ulcers, green also benefits those suffering from depression and anxiety.

· Blue – The color of the throat chakra, blue is a good color choice to influence respiratory or throat difficulties. Calming and cooling, blue may help counteract hypertension.

· Indigo – Related to the brow chakra, indigo can improve problems with the sinuses and face. It has also been used to help heal burns and reduce pain.

· Violet – Associated with the crown chakra, violet is cleansing, strengthening and peaceful. Affecting the skeletal system, it is often used therapeutically to improve immunity, arthritis and relieve headaches.

Polarity Therapy
Polarity therapy is a natural health care system that is also based on the human energy field. Relying on the constant motion of molecules, polarity therapy is aimed at balancing the constant pulsation of energy between positive and negative poles. These poles create fields and energetic lines of force throughout the body. Dr. Randolph Stone, the founder of polarity therapy, explains that a disturbance in this energetic system causes a departure from good health.

By incorporating energy mapping of the five natural elements (Ether, Air, Fire, Water and Earth) and the seven primary energy centers or chakras, polarity therapy encourages each energetic field to achieve unrestricted, optimal vibration levels. A polarity practitioner adds their own energy to a disordered field, to create vibration in unison. Known in physics as a Bose-Einstein Condensate, creating vibratory unison allows a dysfunctional organ to work more effectively. Similar to understanding entropy in quantum physics, proponents of polarity therapy acknowledge that healing occurs as energetic order is restored to systems that had previously been disordered.

Polarity in Practice
Mostly using very gentle types of bipolar contact, polarity bodywork involves many techniques. Characteristic of polarity, bipolar contact is when a practitioner uses the fingers of both hands to energetically and functionally link related areas of the body for energy movement. Methods used include cranial holds, rocking movements, techniques similar to reflexology and some osteopathic and chiropractic influenced moves. However, polarity therapy always emphasizes energetic work over manipulation. Since forceful manipulations are not part of polarity therapy, it is suitable for elderly and frail clients.

Whether practicing polarity therapy or chromotherapy, bodyworkers have the opportunity to put their physics knowledge to good use. For a Western science trained, analytical mind, both modalities are logical ways to influence well-being. If proficient in both chromotherapy and polarity, practitioners can combine the two to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of their sessions.

Recommended Study:
Polarity Therapy

References:

http://healing.about.com, Color Therapy – Chromotherapy, Phylameana lila Desy, About.com, Inc., 2008.

Rowen, Robert Jay, MD, 9 Alternative Health Scams, Second Opinion Publishing Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, 2002.

www.biopulse.org, Color Therapy, Association Alternative Medicine, 2008.

www.polaritytherapy.org, Polarity Therapy: An Introduction, Will Wilson, American Polarity Therapy Association, 2008.

How Antibiotics May Impact Bodywork

Although frequently prescribed, many people do not realize the disturbing implications of antibiotic use. Discover several issues relating to antibiotics that all massage therapists should be aware of.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

People around the globe equate visiting their doctor with getting antibiotics. In today’s age of emerging superbugs, doctors are still writing prescriptions for antibiotics at an unprecedented rate. While antibiotics can be life-saving, many health authorities are beginning to admit that these medications are often over-prescribed, creating problems worse than the original condition. Although advising for or against the use of medications is beyond a bodyworker’s scope of practice, there are several issues relating to antibiotics that all massage therapists should be aware of.

Antibiotic Resistance
Resistance to antibiotics is a major public-health problem. Because antibiotic overuse contributes to the rise of superbugs, experts have been calling on doctors to curb the liberal prescribing of antibiotics in many types of patients, including children with earaches, adults with sore throats and those with terminal end-stage disease. Although the medical ethics involved in preferential antibiotic dispensation are hotly debated among physicians, bodyworkers must take extra precautions when working with people who take, or have taken, these commonly dispensed drugs. Experts are increasingly recognizing that the evolution of stronger pathogens has a global impact, affecting the patient, their environment and all the people that come into contact with that patient or with their environment.

Impact on Bodywork
Clients typically come to bodywork sessions reporting current antibiotic use. While this isn’t always a contraindication, it does present concern demanding more information prior to treatment. Some questions about the antibiotics needing clarification include:

· Why is your client taking antibiotics?
· How long have they been on them?
· Is there an infection?
· Is the infection systemic or localized?
· Is there a fever?

Before proceeding with massage therapy with a client on antibiotics, the bodyworker must evaluate the following:

1. Will our session risk spreading the infection?

2. Will this client put me or my environment at elevated risk for superbug exposure?

3. Can I help the additional health issues resulting from antibiotic use?

Spreading the Infection
While there are many reasons a doctor might put their patient on antibiotics, a current infection is the most common. Because most forms of bodywork involve enhancing circulation, a therapist must determine if their work could spread infection. Since there are so many variables in pathogen strength and location, antibiotic strength and human response, there is no exact formula to determine this risk. In favor of bodywork for an infection, circulatory massage can actually assist the lymph and immune systems move pathogens out of body tissue.

Taking both perspectives into account, a therapist must use their best judgment to ascertain any potential risk of spreading the infection. In general, bodywork is considered safe if the client has been taking antibiotics for at least three days, the infection is not systemic and none of the signs of current infection are present: heat, fever, swelling or pain.

Superbug Exposure
Aside from living in a bubble, all of us are exposed to potentially drug-resistant organisms every day. As members of the healthcare industry, bodyworkers and their environment are particularly prone to pathogen exposure. Understanding this vulnerability is one more reason for bodyworkers to practice Universal Precautions with each and every client.

The importance of frequent hand washing must not be underestimated in healthcare environments. Thoroughly washing your hands before and after each session is the number one way to prevent passing superbugs along to yourself or other clientele. In addition, providing fresh linens for each client, cleaning door handles and keeping your own immune system healthy all contribute to the prevention of spreading infection.

Results of Antibiotics
Hopefully, properly prescribed and utilized antibiotic use destroys a person’s potentially dangerous bacterial infection. Whether this is the case or not, a majority of those taking antibiotics suffer from the annihilation of all organisms in their digestive tract.

Like pesticides, antibiotics kill good bugs along with the bad ones, especially the wide-spectrum antibiotics. The non-discriminating nature of most antibiotics disrupts the delicate balance of organisms in the gastrointestinal system by destroying beneficial bowel flora. These beneficial flora help us digest food, produce certain vitamins and prevent harmful bacteria and yeast from multiplying. Unfortunately, antibiotic use can invite parasitic infection, vitamin deficiencies, mineral loss through diarrhea, gut inflammation, malabsorption syndromes and food allergy development.

When this pattern of antibiotics destroying good and bad bacteria is recognized, bodyworkers can offer their clients hope. The following strategies are used by alternative healthcare practitioners to restore healthy bowel flora:

1. Suggest taking a good quality probiotic to help restore balance in the gastrointestinal system. While several dairy products have started including probiotics in foods, higher, more therapeutic concentrations of probiotics are found in supplements such as Fatigue Relief Plus.

2. Tonifying certain acupressure points can stimulate a client’s immune and digestive systems. The most beneficial points for helping strengthen the gastrointestinal system include Large Intestine 11, Stomach 36 and Spleen 6.

3. Encouraging clients to rejuvenate their immune system with good nutrition and plenty of rest to help their body resist the consequences of antibiotic use. Getting adequate vitamins, minerals and other nutrients from their diet and giving their cells time to recharge with restful sleep helps the digestive system bounce back from being cleaned out by antibiotics.

Whether it stems from cold and flu season, a toothache or an open wound gone bad, nobody likes to be sidelined with an infection. In an attempt to eliminate infections, most physicians habitually prescribe antibiotics. Bodyworkers aware of the possible problems caused by antibiotics are best prepared to help their patients taking these drugs. In addition to making certain their clients on antibiotics are well enough to receive massage, bodyworkers must practice Universal Precautions to reduce the spread of infection. On an even further level, bodyworkers can employ the three previously described strategies to help their clients cope with the destructive aftermath of antibiotic use.

References:

http://news.yahoo.com, Study Suggests Antibiotics are Overused, Carla K. Johnson, Yahoo Inc., 2008.

Versagi, Charlotte Michael, LMT, NCTMB, When Is It Safe to Treat a Patient Taking Antibiotics?, Massage Today, March 2008.

www.drwilson.com, Beyond Antibiotics, Lawrence Wilson, MD, 2008.

www.medicalnewstoday.com, Causal Link Between Antibiotic Prescription And Antibiotic Resistance, MediLexicon International, Ltd., February 2007.

5 Tips for Combining Guided Imagery with Massage

While people meditate in many different ways, guided imagery is a type of meditation massage therapists can successfully incorporate into their sessions. Learn how you can lead clients in a guided imagery meditation, helping to deepen their state of relaxation and increase the session's therapeutic effectiveness.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Even though many scenarios are appropriate for massage therapists guiding clients with imagery, therapists have a lot of leeway in personalizing each experience. While guided imagery is more than simply telling your client to relax, it doesn’t have to include a fully illustrated journey. The goal of combining the practices of meditation and massage is to bring the client’s mind into harmony with a relaxed and stress-free physical state.

Bodyworkers may choose a recording to guide clients into relaxation or use their own voice to lead the way. Two examples of useful journeys are described below:

· Imagine warm sunlight coming down from above. The warm, golden light beams down, touches the top of your head and relaxes the tension held in your scalp. The golden glow moves down your body slowly stopping to warm each muscle group, draining any tightness into the earth below you.

· As you feel your body relax and release tension it becomes lighter and lighter. As resistance is removed, your body becomes so light it begins to float. You lift off the earth and float like a cloud up to the sky. The warm sun envelops you and a gentle breeze carries you through the sky.

Imagery is an effective treatment for stress. Relaxation techniques can release neurochemicals that act as natural brain tranquilizers and lower blood pressure, heart rate and anxiety. Because imagery relaxes the body, doctors specializing in imagery often recommend it for stress-related conditions such as headaches, chronic neck and back pain, high blood pressure, spastic colon and cramping from premenstrual syndrome.

Several studies suggest that imagery boosts immunity. Danish researchers found increased natural killer cell activity among ten college students who imagined that their immune systems were becoming very effective. Natural killer cells are an important part of the immune system because they can recognize and destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells and other invaders. In another small study, researchers at Pennsylvania State University and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine found that seven people who suffered from recurrent canker sores in their mouths significantly reduced the frequency of their outbreaks after they began visualizing that the sores were bathed in a soothing coating of white blood cells.

Combining meditation with massage can elevate the recipient’s physical and spiritual well-being. As published in the October 2005 Journal of Palliative Medicine, Yale University researchers looked at the effect of meditation and massage on quality of life in people with AIDS. Study participants were allocated to either a massage group, a meditation group, a combined meditation and massage group or a standard care group. The researchers concluded the combination of meditation and massage demonstrated a significant favorable influence on overall and spiritual quality of life in late-stage disease relative to standard care, or either intervention component alone.

Leading your clients in a guided imagery meditation while you work requires practice. Below are five tips for getting started in guiding someone into a meditative state:

1. Listen to Guided Imagery – Make sure you are familiar with different ways of guiding a meditative state to help you develop your own style. Experiencing it yourself will help you recognize its benefits and choose what process suits you best to make you a better meditative leader. You can either listen to someone else’s guided imagery recording or be the recipient of a guided imagery session.

2. Practice on Friends First – Rehearse guided imagery with friends and family members and get their feedback before attempting to lead clients. It takes practice to guide a seamless opening, middle and closing meditation while simultaneously performing massage therapy.

3. Center Yourself – You can only lead a client into the relaxed state of meditation if you are grounded. Taking several deep, cleansing breaths, releasing accumulated tension and feeling connected to the earth below is one way to get centered.

4. Progress Slowly – When using imagery to guide someone towards relaxation, it is important to pause long enough for them to imagine each scenario you have set. Pace yourself so you don’t rush through the relaxation of a muscle group that may be carrying extra tension.

5. Voice Control – Maintain an even, calm voice tone throughout the meditation. Guided imagery works best when the practitioner’s voice is liquid, soothing and free of expression so the client doesn’t get distracted.

Incorporating guided imagery into your massage sessions may not be desirable for every situation. Clients who are not open to being led on a cognitive trip may find your guidance clashing with their attempts at relaxation. However, clients who are receptive to guided imagery have a unique opportunity to participate in their own healing process.

By working with the above five tips for beginning guiding meditations, you can learn to deliver a memorable physical and spiritual session. With research proving the advantages of combining meditation with massage, verbally guiding your clients into a deeply relaxed state will render your massage treatments even more effective than they were before.

Recommended Study:
Integrative Massage – Spirit

Recommended Recordings:
Ten Minutes to Relax
Your Present: A Half Hour of Peace

References:

Williams AL, Selwyn PA, Liberti L, Molde S, Njike VY, McCorkle R, Zelterman D, Katz DL, A randomized controlled trial of meditation and massage effects on quality of life in people with late-stage disease: a pilot study, Journal of Palliative Medicine, October 2005.

www.amcollege.edu, Guided Imagery, Dr. Richard Browne, Acupuncture Massage College, January 2007.

www.eupsychia.com, Guided Imagery, Eupsychia Institute, Inc., 2007.

www.holisticonline.com, Guided Imagery or Visualization, ICBS, Inc., 2007.

www.intelihealth.com, Guided Imagery, Natural Standard and Harvard Medical School, Aetna InteliHealth, Inc., 2007.

www.spas.about.com, Partnered Meditation and Massage, Margaret Doner, LMT, 2007.

Solutions and Sports Massage Techniques for Achilles Tendonitis

Learn about ten commonly advised solutions you can discuss with clients suffering from acute or chronic Achilles tendonitis. Also, find out two specific sports massage techniques that can help repair this potentially crippling condition.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

As the largest and most vulnerable tendon in the body, the Achilles tendon joins the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the lower leg to the calcaneus. Accounting for 11 percent of all running injuries, inflammation of this tendon is appropriately named Achilles tendonitis. Although the slow healing time for Achilles tendonitis is due to scant localized vasculature, bodyworkers can play a key role in restoring this tendon to its pre-injured state.

Achilles Tendonitis
Providing the power in the push-off phase of the gait cycle, the Achilles tendon can become inflamed when the gastrocnemius is stressed. Although this tendon is strong, its lack of flexibility can easily lead to inflammation, tear or rupture. Achilles tendonitis can be acute or chronic. Signs of an inflamed Achilles tendon include:

· Tendon pain during exercise. Achilles pain gradually comes on with prolonged exercise and typically dissipates with rest.

· Swelling over the Achilles tendon.

· Redness over the skin.

· Sometimes, a creaking can be felt when pressing the fingers into the tendon while moving the foot.

Often more difficult to treat, chronic Achilles tendonitis may follow if the tendon is not treated properly or allowed to fully heal. When this problem becomes chronic, the pain typically disappears after a warm up, yet returns once the person stops training. If the Achilles is repeatedly stressed, the injury worsens until it is impossible to run. In addition to the symptoms of acute Achilles tendonitis, additional signs of a chronic problem include:

· Pain and stiffness in the Achilles tendon in the morning. This pain may be described as diffuse along the tendon rather than specific.

· There may nodules or lumps in the Achilles tendon, particularly 2 cm above the heel.

· Pain in the tendon when walking up a hill or up stairs.
Causes

An injury typically occurring from overuse, Achilles tendonitis usually comes on gradually. Ignoring the early warning signs of Achilles pain causes the symptoms to increase until activity is too painful to continue. In general, the more fatigued the calf muscles are, the more stressed the Achilles tendon, and the higher likelihood of tendonitis developing. The most commonly reported causes of Achilles tendonitis include:

1. Overuse – Excessive activity before adequate warm-up causes most overuse injuries.

2. Running Up Hills – Running up hills causes the Achilles tendon to stretch more than normal on every stride, which fatigues the tendon sooner than normal.

3. Overpronation – Overly pronating the foot increases the strain placed on the Achilles tendon. As the foot rolls in and flattens, the lower leg rotates inwards causing a twisting motion. This twist puts an additional strain on the Achilles.

4. Tight or Weak – A tightness or weakness in the calf musculature easily leads to fatigue. Once the gastrocnemius fatigues, it tightens and shortens, thus putting additional strain on the Achilles.

10 Solutions for Achilles Tendonitis
For best results, a sore or achy Achilles tendon responds best to immediate attention and rest. Left untreated, Achilles tendonitis could cause persistent pain or cause the tendon to rupture. A ruptured Achilles tendon may require surgery to correct the damage. Ten commonly advised solutions for treating Achilles tendonitis include:

1. Resting the calf muscles.

2. Applying cold therapy or ice to minimize inflammation.

3. Wearing a heel pad to raise the heel, thus taking some of the strain off the Achilles tendon.

4. Wearing arch support insoles or orthotics to prevent overpronation and improve foot biomechanics.

5. Taking anti-inflammatory medication.

6. Taping the back of the leg to support the Achilles.

7. Applying a plaster cast for more severe cases.

8. Applying ultrasound treatment to encourage the tendon to heal.

9. Administering sports massage to the lower extremities.

10. Strengthening the calf muscle to help reduce the stress on the Achilles tendon. Toe raises, balancing on the toes and wall stretching are useful exercises.

Whenever discussing approaches to Achilles tendonitis with clients, always emphasize avoiding excessive stretching. Taking this action has the potential to aggravate an already stressed Achilles.

Sports Massage
Two sports massage techniques put bodyworkers on the top of the list for Achilles tendonitis treatment: transverse friction massage and strain-counterstrain techniques.

Transverse friction massage is a massage technique that is often used for tendonitis. The massage strokes of transverse friction massage are deep and applied directly to the affected area, perpendicular to the direction of the tendon. When done properly, transverse friction massage can help reduce pain, improve blood flow to the surrounding area, and prevent or reduce the formation of scar tissue and adhesions in the connective tissue.

Another sports massage technique, applying strain-counterstrain on the calf muscles can unload the excessive stress these tightened or weakened muscles place on the Achilles. As published in the September 2006 edition of The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, researchers found that applying strain-counterstrain techniques on the soleus of those with Achilles tendonitis produced a 23.1 percent decrease in localized stress. The investigators noted a similarly significant response when strain-counterstrain was applied to the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius.

While early and persistent attention to this injury often results in a full recovery, making sure the original cause of the tendonitis is addressed is the only way to prevent its recurrence. In addition to tackling the reason for Achilles pain, most practitioners recommend some combination of the above ten solutions to help an inflamed Achilles heal. A massage therapist using strain-counterstrain and transverse friction massage techniques can play an important role in the timely healing of an inflamed Achilles tendon – and can even help prevent this injury from turning into a hard-to-treat chronic case of tendonitis.

Recommended Study:
Sports Massage

References:

Howell JN, et al., Stretch reflex and Hoffmann reflex responses to osteopathic manipulative treatment in subjects with Achilles tendonitis, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, September 2006.

http://altmedicine.about.com, Natural Remedies for Tendonitis, Cathy Wong, About, Inc., 2008.

http://sportsmedicine.about.com, Achilles Tendonitis, Elizabeth Quinn, About, Inc., 2008.

www.mayoclinic.com, Achilles Tendinitis, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2008.

www.sportsinjuryclinic.net, Achilles Tendonitis, Sports Injury Clinic, 2008.

8 Ways to Grow Your Massage Practice with Chair Massage

Here's how chair massage can help you grow your massage practice, help more people, increase profitability, and attract and build new clientele.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Finding new ways to infuse experience and profitability into a practice is how many achieve success. The beauty about adding chair massage to your repertoire is its adaptability. With the ability to work just about anywhere, a myriad of opportunities await the practitioner administering chair massage.

As a professional in business, a therapist typically asks the question, “How do I get clients to come to me?” This initial question drives the majority of advertising and marketing attempts. However, performing chair massage changes the initial question to, “Who would want and benefit most from massage?” Once a practitioner answers this, the goal then becomes bringing your chair to those you’ve identified as wanting and benefiting most from massage.

To spark your thought process on where you might aim to bring your chair, our experts have compiled some popular locations abundant with those who are likely to want and benefit from bodywork:

1. Sporting Events – While athletes are prime candidates for massage, it can be a challenge encouraging them to visit a massage office. High level sporting competitions are the perfect venue for setting up a massage chair. Whether it is the Olympics, karate championship, soccer competition, golf tournament or track meet – athletes reap the benefits of pain relief and enhanced performance when receiving massage before, in-between and after activity. Local sporting organizations are a good place to begin seeking information on the logistics of chair massage at a sporting event.

2. Expos, Shows and Conventions – Typically housed in large, sprawling spaces, these events require people to be on their feet or in a chair all day long. Home and garden expos, trade shows, health and wellness fairs and professional conventions are just a few examples of events where participants attend for the entire day. An easily accessible, quick chair massage can relax tense muscles while rejuvenating the recipient to tackle the remainder of their convention, expo or show. Venue marketing managers, event planners or professional organization directors can be valuable people to contact for setting up chair massage at such an event.

3. Business Offices – According to David Palmer, instructor of the Institute for Integrative Healthcare Studies’ Chair Massage Fundamentals continuing education course, most office-related physical symptoms can be attributed to a loss of circulation. Tight muscles caused by stress and sitting behind a desk all day, especially at a work station that is not ergonomically designed, can impede blood and lymph flow through the body. Bringing chair massage to an office can relieve the mental fogginess, decreased energy and susceptibility to repetitive stress injuries (such as carpal tunnel syndrome) common in today’s work environment. Contacting the human resource department of the business you are considering is a good place to start for offering chair massage services. Be sure to emphasize the benefits of your presence to the employer such as increased productivity and retention rates, decreased absenteeism and ergonomic-related injuries, and lowered employee stress levels.

Depending upon the situation you perform chair massage in, being reimbursed can take on several different forms:

4. Direct Client Payment – Charge clients for short blocks of time. Those who really want it will happily spend $10 for a 10 minute badly-needed massage.

5. Second Party Reimbursement – Contract with the company, sponsor or organization to give chair massages for an agreed upon block of time. In this type of agreement, the client does not pay directly for your services. Instead, the company, sponsor or organization pays the therapist and uses chair massage as their marketing tool.

6. Volunteer – While this is not financially rewarding immediately, offering short, free chair massages introduces those who wouldn’t ordinarily sign up for massage a chance to experience massage therapy. This is a great way to distribute your business cards to those who might be interested and get new clients in the process.

Some additional tips to consider when offering chair massages to the public:

7. Get Permission – Whether you are volunteering, being paid by an organization or charging for your services independently, always make sure you have permission to work at your desired location.

8. Insurance – Most responsible companies will require you to have your own liability insurance. Discounted policies are typically offered when you belong to a professional organization.

By working with some of these eight tips, you can successfully bring massage to those who could really use it. The ability to perform chair massage in just about any location can change the way the public perceives massage therapy. Through experiencing its benefits on-the-spot, people who ordinarily wouldn’t seek bodywork can easily become long-term clients in your massage therapy practice.

Recommended Study:
Chair Massage Fundamentals

References:

www.eventschairmassage.com, Chair Massage Sponsor, Chair Massage, 2007.

www.joylifetherapeutics, Corporate Chair Massage for Offices & Trade Shows, JoyLife Therapeutics, Inc, 2007.

www.massagemag.com, Hospital Merges Mainstream Medicine with Massage, Brandi Schlossberg, Massage Magazine Inc., May/June 2002.

www.massagesuccess.wordpress.com, Using Chair Massage at Public Events to Build Your Massage Therapy Business, Amy Roberts, March 2007.

www.vpul.upenn.edu, Chair Massage Helps Desk-Bound Workers, Kelle Walsh, University of Pennsylvania, 2007.

Massage Therapists Making Money: Spiritual Practice as Powerful Teacher

Many beliefs about healing and money could be separating massage therapists from financial prosperity. With recognition and deliberate attention, caretakers can apply the spiritual practice of yoga to transform their relationship with money. By practicing self-observation and the cultivation of balance to adjust your perception of money, you can give it the power to be a profound spiritual teacher.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Discussing money can be a touchy subject, especially for those who have chosen a career emphasizing human wellness. Often driven by their own spiritual guidance, massage therapists are especially prone to conflicting perceptions of financial gain. While those in the healing field commonly spend years seeking the answers to some of life’s most troubling questions, very few apply these powerful practices to money. However, the yogic principles of self-observation and the cultivation of balance can transform anybody’s financial stress and worries into feelings of monetary freedom.

Spirituality
Too often, people confuse a spiritual practice with a religious practice. While religion is defined as an organized group of people with similar beliefs, each individual practicing a religion may or may not have a personal spiritual practice. A spiritual practice is anything done on a daily basis that acts to quiet one’s thoughts. This quieting allows seekers to abandon the rhetoric surrounding them so they can connect with their own souls. Most believe that this connection to oneself is the only way for an individual to identify their inner needs. This awareness of one’s needs is crucial for massage therapists to avoid feeling drained and burned out.

Encompassing many different types of applications, the most common spiritual practice is meditation. Quieting the mind allows a person to be fully present. For massage therapists, learning to be present is essential when working with clients. When focusing on helping and healing others, it is easy to neglect oneself. This neglect often deteriorates the practitioner’s health and mental composure, which can then lead to burnout.

The Caretaker
As professionals who put great importance on the well-being of their clients, many massage therapists fit into the caretaker archetype. Believed to be a pitfall created by placing others’ needs before our own, the caretaker syndrome leads to burnout or illness when allowed to continue. Capable of stopping the downward spiral of a caretaker’s self-neglect, a spiritual practice can help a massage therapist connect with their inner needs, saving them from deserting this important profession.

When it comes to money, the caretaker archetype is known to give and lend money to express their compassion and generosity. As we know, an overly caretaking orientation can lead to enabling or even self-abandoning behaviors. According to top financial adviser, Brent Kessel CFP, “caretakers spend more than 20 percent of their income on others in need – family members, friends or charities – but they are not financially generous with themselves and usually don’t feel a sense of ease about their generosity.”

Steve Capellini, massage school instructor and author of Make the Switch to Being Rich describes this pattern:

“I’ve spent my career working as a massage therapist in the health spa industry. If there is an entire group of people who are almost all inside the moneyless bubble, it’s massage therapists. We want to help people and heal them. We want to ease their aching muscles and soothe their unquiet souls. We want meaningful interactions with our clients. We do not, for the most part, want to focus on the monetary aspects of our jobs.”

In addition, caretakers often have financial dependents which may result in them having less than six months’ expenses in the bank and significant credit card debt. Ironically, the toll this type of financial worry can create is exactly the kind of stress that most bodyworkers work with their clients to relieve. However, with recognition and deliberate attention, caretakers can apply the spiritual practice of yoga to transform their attitude toward, and thus their relationship with, money.

Self-Observation and Cultivation of Balance
While many people regard yoga merely as a set of physical exercises, studying yoga is a type of spiritual practice. Referred to by its followers as a scientific method, the principles of yoga clarify the vastness of human potential, including our physical, mental and spiritual selves. While there are many values entwined with yoga, self-observation and cultivation of balance are two important concepts with the potential to shape one’s view of money:

· Self-observation – Self-observation is an honest view of your daily life, as it is. Once you see the truth and document it, then you can take action to alter it. While being content and happy with what you have, this principle teaches us that anyone has the ability to make changes.

· Cultivating balance – While a beginner may be under the impression that yoga is about perfecting their motion and mastering complicated breathing rhythms, those who practice the yogic way of life know otherwise. In general, practicing yoga is about cultivating balance in your body, your actions and your life.

Apply the Principles
Once familiar with the principles of self-observation and the cultivation of balance, you can begin applying them to feelings that could be hindering your prosperity. The following 20 statements about one’s potential feelings about money is posted on Massage Today’s website. By honestly agreeing with a statement and then consciously working to adjust your feelings about what may be holding you back, you can begin transforming your financial future:

1. I don’t deserve to earn more money.

2. Rich people are greedy.

3. Earning a lot of money isn’t spiritual.

4. Money is the root of all evil.

5. If I have a lot of money, people will want something from me.

6. If I have a lot of money, I will lose important relationships.

7. Money is power and power corrupts.

8. It’s better to give than to receive.

9. I’m not good at marketing myself or my business.

10. Wanting to have a lot of money is selfish.

11. There’s never enough money.

12. To make a lot of money, you have to be willing to walk all over people.

13. People who have a lot of money are generally dishonest.

14. People with lots of money are unhappy.

15. It’s greedy to have more money than you absolutely need to live.

16. In order to earn a lot of money, I would need to give up other things in my life that are important to me.

17. If you’re really a good massage therapist, clients will just come to you from the beginning through word of mouth without other promotion.

18. It’s trashy to promote yourself as a healthcare practitioner.

19. If I’m not getting enough massage clients, I must just not be cut out to be a massage therapist.

20. People who succeed in their massage practices have some skill or personal quality that I’m just missing.

While there is nothing wrong with being a caretaker, a person wishing for health and success must find an integrated, balanced approach to their financial situation. The key is identifying any unconscious negative tendencies you have towards money so you can emphasize the thoughts and behaviors in order to create more balance, fulfillment and freedom. By practicing self-observation and the cultivation of balance to adjust your perception of money, you can give it the power to be a profound spiritual teacher.

References:

http://massagepracticebuilder.com, Make the Switch to being Rich for Massage Therapists, Julie Onofrio, LMP, The Wealthy Massage Therapist, Massage and Bodywork Blog, 2008.

Kessel, Brent, The Yoga of Money, Kripalu, February-May 2008.

www.ezinearticles.com, Yoga Teacher Chronicles, Paul Jerard and Aura Publications, 2008.

www.massagemag.com, Explore your Money Beliefs, c.T. Harv Eker, 2006.

www.thebodyworker.com, Spiritual Practice, Julie Onofrio, LMP, thebodyworker.com, 2008.

www.worldproutassembly.org, Meditation and Yoga for those who love humanity, Ac. Madhuvidyananda Avt., World Prout Assembly, 2008.

www.yogajournal.com, Turn the Volume Up or Down to Tune In Your Practice, Claudia Cummins, Cruz Bay Publishing, Inc., 2008.

Massage, Bodywork and Baker's Cysts

Learn more about a Baker’s cyst and its symptoms, as well as how massage therapy can assist in the relief from this sometimes uncomfortable condition. Also, find out which massage techniques should be incorporated into a session when a client has a Baker’s cyst, and why it is important for bodyworkers to familiarize themselves with the signs, symptoms and risk factors associated with a deep vein thrombosis.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

In order to provide safe and effective bodywork, massage therapists have a responsibility to their clientele to be educated on a wide range of conditions. A growing number of consumers seek regular complementary healthcare treatments as a vehicle to remaining healthy. Many rationalize that these visits replace or at least supersede a visit to their allopathic medical doctor. This trend means that massage therapists are likely to be the first healthcare professional seeing a condition requiring a referral. Whether a client comes in with a diagnosed Baker’s cyst, or you recognize it as a possible explanation for a client’s lump, all bodyworkers should have a basic understanding of this condition.

What Is a Baker’s Cyst?
A Baker’s cyst, otherwise known as a popliteal cyst, is a swelling at the back of the knee. According to Ben Benjamin, Ph.D., a Baker’s cyst is actually not a cyst or an injury at the back of the knee, although it could be mistaken for either. Some people are born with a small pouch behind the knee formed by an extra piece of tissue. When a person with this extra flap of tissue sustains an injury, the body secretes excess synovial fluid into the joint, which accumulates and fills the pouch.

Excessive synovial fluid in the knee can be a result of many types of damage to the knee:

· Injury to the collateral or cruciate ligaments of the knee
· Torn meniscus
· Chondromalacia of the patella
· Osteoarthritis

Popliteal cysts occur most often in adults between the ages of 55 and 70 and in children between 4 and 7 years old. Up to one in five people with other knee problems may develop a Baker’s cyst.

Symptoms of a Baker’s Cyst
In some cases, a Baker’s cyst causes no pain and goes unnoticed. However, signs and symptoms that may be noticed include:

· Round to oval mass behind the knee, ranging from soft to hard – typically the size of a golf ball
· Knee pain and stiffness
· Tightness in the back of the knee and difficulty bending the joint.
· A sensation of pressure in the back of the joint, which can progress down into the calf muscle
· Knee aching and tenderness after exercise
· When all lights are turned out and a flashlight is directed through the lump, a red glow around the lump is seen. The red glow indicates that the lump is filled with fluid.

Allopathic Medical Treatment
In order to correct the problem, physicians treating a Baker’s cyst typically search for the underlying cause of the bulge. When severe enough to hamper daily activities, the allopathic medical community approaches Baker’s cysts with both surgical and non-surgical solutions. In general, the more conservative tact (non-surgical) is preferred. Only a person’s physician is qualified to determine if surgery is necessary or if the fluid can be successfully aspirated with a needle. Unfortunately, the more common treatment, needle aspiration, is only a temporary solution. Rest and elevation are crucial to any Baker’s cyst treatment plan.

With the understanding that their intervention merely provides temporary relief, many doctors have their patients work with a physical therapist using massage therapy, compression wraps and electrical stimulation to reduce knee swelling. Flexibility and strengthening exercises for the lower limb are often used to help improve muscle balance in the knee.

Massage Therapy
Massage therapy can help individuals harboring a Baker’s cyst. By focusing on the probable underlying knee problem, the swelling and discomfort of a Baker’s cyst can typically be relieved. Seeking the cause of an imbalance in the knee can be aided by performing some manual resistive testing to your assessment skills. For more information on these tests, read the article, Eight Tests for Anterior Knee Pain.

Interestingly, popliteal cysts are located in an area contraindicated for most massage techniques. Although it is important for bodyworkers to avoid deep, direct pressure on the cyst, it is still possible to have a significant therapeutic impact. Experts recommend treating the area above the cyst, primarily by addressing the hamstrings and adductors. Balancing the musculature supporting the knee joint compensates for pathological injury or torque contributing to knee dysfunction. Additionally, including lymphatic drainage massage techniques into a session will facilitate absorption of the excessive synovial fluid accumulation, leading to a quicker recovery.

Bodywork Precautions
The presence of a firm protrusion behind the knee should not be assumed by a massage therapist to be an innocuous Baker’s cyst. There is a possibility it could be a tumor or popliteal artery aneurysm, thus necessitating thorough evaluation by a medical doctor.

It is very important for massage therapists to avoid firm pressure directly on the cyst. A Baker’s cyst could become large enough to locally impinge nerves or blood flow, which in the worse case scenario could spawn an embolus. Familiarize yourself with the signs, symptoms and risk factors for a deep vein thrombosis to avoid this potentially devastating scenario. Rarely, a Baker’s cyst bursts and synovial fluid leaks into the calf region, causing sharp pain in the knee, swelling and sometimes redness of the calf. These signs and symptoms closely resemble those of a blood clot in the leg. If a client demonstrates these symptoms, prompt medical evaluation must be sought.

Bodyworkers are regularly presented with all types of pain and physical abnormalities. Some clients will announce they have a Baker’s cyst while others will just ask if you can help reduce the swelling behind their knee. Regardless of the presentation, massage therapists are best prepared to handle these situations when they are properly informed of the condition being presented, understand any danger lurking and are comfortable knowing what they can do to aid in the client’s recovery.

References:

Benjamin, Ben, PhD, Baker’s Cysts, Massage Today, July 2003.

www.thebodyworker.com, Baker’s Ganglion Cyst, thebodyworker.com, 2006.

www.mayoclinic.com, Baker’s Cyst, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, April 2006.

www.sportsinjuryclinic.net, Popliteal Cyst, Sports Injury Clinic, 2005.

Reduce Spasms and Improve Flexibility with Reciprocal Inhibition

The fundamental mechanism of how our bodies maintain posture and produce movement is based simply on the balance of continually contracting and relaxing opposing muscles. Discover how using this principle, reciprocal inhibition, helps reduce spasms as well as strengthens and improves flexibility in your clients.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Originally used by osteopaths, athletic trainers, physical therapists, kinesiologists and physiotherapists, reciprocal inhibition is a simply learned stretching principle capable of amplifying the benefits of massage therapy treatment. Defined as a muscle’s automatic relaxation response to accommodate the contraction of its opposing muscle, reciprocal inhibition provides for optimum joint function and longevity. Commonly used in sports massage, reciprocal inhibition is the application of resisted tension to the opposing muscle group.

The symbolism of yin yang is akin to human muscular anatomy, where a healthy functioning unit is comprised of two contrasting forces. Just as there could be no concept of dark without light, flexor muscles need their opposing extensors to function properly. Our muscles primarily operate in pairs; when one contracts (the agonist) its partner (the antagonist) relaxes. The body naturally and brilliantly orchestrates this mechanism during activities like running, where muscles opposing each other are engaged and disengaged sequentially to produce coordinated movement. This alternation of contraction facilitates movement ease and safeguards against injury. Classic examples of opposing muscle group partnerships include the biceps and triceps, as well as the hamstrings and quadriceps.

If a muscle becomes engaged for a prolonged period, such as a cramp, spasm or chronic tension, the opposite muscle becomes correspondingly inhibited. This response to dysfunction inhibits normal joint performance, which can result in deterioration of muscle, tendon and joint tissues. In the case of affected upper arm musculature, spasms in the biceps will likely lead to a discovery of weakened triceps. Whenever the agonist is much stronger than the antagonist, the agonist can overpower and injure the antagonist. This relationship is why most strength training programs revolve around balanced muscle pair exercises. While not exhaustive, the following list comprises nine common agonist-antagonist muscle pairs that can assist a practitioner when using reciprocal inhibition techniques:

1. Biceps – Triceps
2. Deltoids – Latissimus Dorsi
3. Pectoralis Major – Trapezius/Rhomboids
4. Iliopsoas – Gluteus Maximus
5. Quadriceps – Hamstrings
6. Hip Adductor – Gluteus Medius
7. Tibialis Anterior – Gastrocnemius
8. Anterior Deltiod – Levator Scapula
9. Forearm Flexors – Forearm Extensors

Inhibition of the antagonistic muscles is not required for every muscular contraction. In fact, co-contraction can sometimes occur. This can be observed during a sit-up, where one might assume that the stomach muscles inhibit the contraction of the muscles in the lumbar region of the back. However, sit-ups engage contraction of both the spinal erectors as well as the abdominal muscles. This reciprocal inhibition exception is one reason why sit-ups are good for strengthening both the back and stomach muscles. Thus, careful evaluation of the musculature involved is a precursor to choosing reciprocal inhibition stretching techniques.

Activation of an opposing muscle group with resisted tension forces the contracted muscle to relax. For example, a cramp in the posterior, lower leg can be relieved by applying resisted tension to the anterior, lower leg muscles. When stretching, it is easier to stretch a muscle that is relaxed than to stretch a contracted muscle. By inducing the antagonists to relax during a stretch due to contraction of the agonist, massage therapists can take advantage of reciprocal inhibition by getting a more effective stretch.

An additional key to maximizing stretching is to have the client consciously relax any muscles used as synergists by the muscle attempting to be stretched. For example, a gastrocnemius stretch can be accomplished by contracting the tibialis anterior through foot flexion. However, since the hamstrings use the gastrocnemius as a synergist, have the client also relax the hamstrings with quadriceps contraction by keeping their leg straight.

The principle behind reciprocal inhibition stretching is that the muscle not contracting is inhibited because the stretch suppresses contractibility. Prior to working with a muscle, initiating the reciprocal inhibition response will enhance the results of any stretching regimen. Applying reciprocal inhibition to the appropriate muscle groups can stop a muscle spasm, build strength and flexibility in opposing muscle pairs, prevent re-injury to a vulnerable area and dramatically increase your client’s flexibility. Learning to perform this specific type of stretching allows massage therapists to utilize their knowledge of anatomy and physiology for maximizing their therapeutic effectiveness.

Recommended Study:
Anatomy Review for Professionals
Sports Massage

References:
www.appliedmotorcontrol.com, Inhibition and False Positives, Applied Motor Control, 2007.

www.cmcrossroads.com, Physiology of Stretching, Brad Appleton, 2007.

www.ifafitness.com, Anatomy, International Fitness Association, 2007.

www.leanandhungryfitness.com, Using Reciprocal Inhibition in Stretching, Jim Biancolo, 2007.

www.pponline.co.uk, Flexibility: A physiotherapist explains the science behind the importance of keeping flexible, Chris Mallac, Peak Performance, 2007.

www.sportfit.com, Glossary, Sport Specific Fitness Corporation, 2007.

6 Considerations for Performing Massage on a Cruise Ship

Those in the massage therapy field often regard employment on a cruise ship as the ultimate job. Although there are many benefits to this type of work, find out why only certain individuals are suited to withstand cruise ship employment’s many challenges.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Regarded as one of the more opulent vacation options available, cruising can be an amazing way to spend a holiday. For many cruising vacationers, nothing spells luxurious relaxation more than splurging on a massage. In addition to top-of-the-line spas, cruise ships typically offer just about anything one could want within one vacation such as:

· Endless buffets
· Unique shopping
· Beautiful ocean views
· High quality entertainment
· Pools and hot tubs
· Visits to several desirable destinations
· Casino gambling and other types of gaming
· Sports and other recreational activities

In the ship’s spa, massage therapists are an invaluable part of the staff. Those lucky enough to be a passenger on a cruise ship might consider what it would be like to work on one of these lavishly appointed moving cities. In fact, performing massage on an ocean-going vessel is a dream job for some people. However, the daily life of being a cruise ship staff member can be grueling for others. Before setting your heart on being a massage therapist on board a cruise ship, make sure this lifestyle is for you.

Six Considerations
Having some insight into the reality of working on a cruise ship can make certain that it is worth your effort to land this kind of job. Below are six reasons that you might want to consider or abandon a goal of working for a cruise line:

1. Hard Work – Because they are on vacation and looking to relax and be pampered, cruise passengers are highly likely to schedule a massage treatment. This translates to a busy schedule for the practicing therapist. For five and a half days a week, back-to-back sessions over a 10 to 12-hour shift is typical for massage therapists on a large ship. Only those who are energized by their work, use proper body mechanics, center themselves between each client and don’t mind repetition can happily survive this type of scheduling.

2. Rocking Boat – Regardless of how much it may feel like you are in a small city, a ship often traverses rough seas. Big waves cause significant movement on board. In addition to the added challenge of giving a massage while the ground beneath you is rocking, many people on board succumb to motion sickness. Although there are temporary remedies for motion sickness (acupressure wrist bands, scopolamine patches, or over-the-counter medicines such as Dramamine or Bonine), you may not wish to deal with this awful sensation on a regular basis. Some people are particularly prone to motion sickness on a boat while others seem to be hardly affected at all.

3. Living Quarters – The staterooms for paying passengers can be pretty fancy, including amenities like a balcony, vanity and sitting area. However, accommodations for crew members are far from luxurious. It is typical for ship staff to share a tiny cabin with a fellow employee on the lower decks, possibly without a window and just enough space for sleeping. If you cherish your privacy and are prone to claustrophobia, working on a cruise ship could prove difficult for you. On the other hand, if you are comfortable in tight living quarters and enjoy the social opportunity afforded by a roommate, working on board could be a good career move.

4. Ports of Call – Unless specifically seeking employment on a cruise-to-nowhere (yes, these do exist), each cruise typically docks in several ports of call. For many of the crew, this is an incredible and inexpensive way to travel and have new experiences. If your day off coincides with the ship being at a port, the destination is yours to explore. However, a lot of the money you were hoping to save can easily be spent in tourist locations. For therapists aiming to build up their finances by working on a cruise ship, restraint on extraneous spending is required.

5. Commitment – Once hired and trained to work on a cruise ship, a sizeable commitment is required. While some cruise lines hire massage therapists directly, the majority of them contract with Steiner Leisure Ltd. Steiner operates spas and salons on 118 cruise ships, as well as in 52 resort spas and two day spas. Once chosen by Steiner, applicants must complete a mandatory training program and then commit to an eight-month contract. Upon completion of the eight months, massage therapists can sign up for subsequent contracts of shorter length. For those without family and other obligations at home, a guaranteed eight months of work may be greatly appreciated. However, being away for nearly three quarters of a year could be a struggle for others.

6. Salary – One of the benefits of working on a cruise ship is that your room and board are paid for, leaving any money you make free for other uses. Estimates of the actual earning capacity of massage therapists on cruise ships vary greatly. While reports of massage therapist salaries on a ship have claimed up to $3,500 per month, this appears to be an inflated estimate. Although staff members receive a weekly retainer, the majority of a massage therapist’s income comes from commission via tips or product sales. In addition, the more modalities you are trained in, the more likely you are to be booked. Massage therapists offering sessions beyond Swedish massage, especially sports massage, deep tissue, reflexology, and hot stone massage can book more appointments – and thus earn more money. Don’t forget that while on board, your necessary living expenses are all paid for. If you can refrain from unnecessary spending on the ship or in a port-of-call, are customer service oriented and are comfortable selling related products, massage on a cruise could be very lucrative.

There are benefits and drawbacks to any business venture, and the cruise industry is no different. Massage therapists hoping to travel like paying passengers need not apply for cruise ship employment. If you are game for hard work, not bothered by a rocking boat, comfortable in small, shared living quarters, enjoy traveling for long periods of time without lavish spending, are trained in various modalities and are fueled by commission-based work, performing massage therapy on a cruise ship can be a rewarding, adventurous and profitable venture.

References:

Bemis, Mary, A Delicate Balance, Can Spas and Massage Therapists Coexist?, Massage & Bodywork, April/May 2006.

Johnson, Ruthanne, Cruise Industry Employment, Massage & Bodywork, October/November 2003.

Versagi, Charlotte Michael, LMT, How Can I Get A Job on a Cruise Ship?, Massage Magazine, January/February 2001

www.cast-a-way.com, Steiner Info, Cast-A-Way.com, 2007.

www.massage-certification.com, Cruise Line Massage Therapy Jobs, Massage Certification, 2007.

www.women-on-the-road.com, Employment on Cruise Ships: Not Your Everyday Job, women-on-the-road.com, 2007.

Caution: Stiff Neck - or Torticollis?

Most of us have had the experience of waking up in the morning with a stiff neck. For some, this painful sensation is a severe and recurring problem. More than just a stiff neck, torticollis is characterized by involuntary contractions or intermittent spasms of neck muscles. Learn how valuable massage therapy can be to clients with torticollis, as well as the precautions to be aware of when approaching this condition.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Torticollis belongs to a broad category of disorders describing abnormal flexion, extension or twisting of the neck muscles. A neck twisted to one side is typical of torticollis. Although the exact cause of torticollis is uncertain, the following are potential scenarios where it may develop:

· In those with a family history of this disorder, symptoms may be present at birth or develop slowly
· As a result of some sort of trauma, torticollis can be acute
· From an adverse reaction to certain medications

When it can be traced to a genetic disorder, the condition is referred to as spasmodic torticollis. Although considered rare, spasmodic torticollis affects close to 90,000 people in the United States. Spasmodic torticollis has three variations of neuromuscular dysfunction:

1. Tonic (a sustained contraction)
2. Clonic (head shaking)
3. Mixed (both tonic and clonic)

Trauma that involves bending or twisting the neck too far can lead to acute torticollis. The acute form can also be the result of keeping the neck muscles in shortened positions for a prolonged period of time. A person who has slept in an awkward position or in a cold draft may awaken to acute torticollis.

Torticollis causes discomfort and pain, forcing many to hold their head straight or rotated to one side. Unilateral in nature, torticollis is irritated when the affected side of the neck’s muscles are activated or even touched. As a contralateral rotator, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is most commonly involved in acute torticollis, as any position rotating the head to its opposite side for long periods may cause this condition.

Assessment
A massage therapist should confirm that a physician has properly diagnosed any client with torticollis. In some cases, torticollis is mistaken for muscular dystrophy, epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease.

To assess the condition, the practitioner will be able to palpate and/or observe shortening and hypertonicity in the neck muscles. The head and neck are held in a non-neutral position, often with rotation to the opposite side. The SCM on the affected side is likely to be more prominent than on the other side. In the clonic variation of spasmodic torticollis, there will be some shaking of the head.

The cervical muscles will likely be tightened due to a local muscle spasm. In some chronic cases, the practitioner will be able to palpate fibrotic changes in the affected musculature. Active and passive motions rotating the head in the opposite direction of the contraction are likely painful and limited. There may be pain associated with further rotation to the contracted side depending on the severity of the condition and the percentage of muscle fibers recruited for the activity.

Massage
Symptoms of acute torticollis generally resolve in a couple of weeks. Western medicine’s top offering for this condition is an injection of Botox® to temporarily paralyze the muscles. For those seeking to avoid this toxic injection, the pain and contraction of torticollis responds well to massage. Considering neck muscles in either a tonic or clonic state are highly sensitive, extreme care must be used with any hands-on modality.

With a gentle approach, bodywork’s goal for torticollis is release of the contracted neck muscles. Such a release typically entails:

1. Enhancing circulation in and around the spastic musculature
2. Enlisting passive and active stretching techniques to elongate shortened muscles

While most massage modalities enhance circulation, a gentle technique must be chosen for torticollis. The increase in circulating cerebrospinal fluid accomplished through cranial-sacral therapy (CST) is an ideal match for a contracted neck. CST typically uses the equivalent of a dime’s weight of pressure for its maneuvers, making it an extremely gentle option. Even some of the simple cranial holds of CST can allow the contracted tissues of torticollis to unwind at their own pace. Additionally, the application of heat in a warmth-producing topical gel, heat lamp or hot pack is a non-invasive and safe way to invigorate local blood circulation.

Osteopathic medicine’s passive and active stretching techniques offer a gentle route to lengthening contracted muscles. Myofascial release techniques are ideal for increasing the range of motion that is restricted with torticollis. Additionally, some of sports massage’s stretching techniques are ideal for lengthening neck contraction. All within the realm of osteopathic medicine, some of the applicable stretches in sports massage include:

· strain-counterstrain
· reciprocal inhibition
· proprioceptive neuromuscular (PNF) stretching
· isometric stretching

Warning
A client with torticollis may come for a massage after receiving medical treatment from their physician. Bodyworkers need to be aware that an injection of the Botox® toxin causes motor loss and has no effect on sensory perception. Massage or early manipulation of the injection site can speed up absorption and spread the toxin. Therapists are advised to avoid the injection site to avoid paralysis of the injected as well as adjacent muscles.

The gentle techniques garnered from cranial-sacral therapy, myofascial release and sports massage stretching can be safely and effectively applied to relieve torticollis. A massage therapist familiar with the described methods and the pathology of torticollis will be successful in delivering pain relief and increased range of motion to a client who awoke with a stiff neck.

Recommended Study:
Cranial-Sacral Therapy
Myofascial Release
Sports Massage

References:

Lowe, Whitney, LMT, NCTMB, Understanding Torticollis, Massage Today, December 2004.

Premkumar, Kalyani, The Doorway to Muscle Contraction, Massage and Bodywork, February/March 2005.

www.dystonia-foundation.org, Cervical Dystonia, Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, 2004.

www.emedicinehealth.com, Torticollis Overview, WebMD, 2006.

www.healing.about.com, A Pain in the Neck – Acute Torticollis, Phylameana lila Desy, About, Inc., 2006.

www.merck.com, Spasmodic Torticollis, Merck & Co., 2006.

Massage Therapy Provides Pain Relief From Osteoarthritis

Caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of one or more joints, osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, affecting over 20 million people in the United States. Whether performed in an office or spa, discover what bodywork methods can effectively relieve the pain and discomfort of osteoarthritis.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Also known as degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis occurs more frequently as we age. With aging, the water content of cartilage increases and the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates. Over the years, repetitive use of the joints irritates and inflames the cartilage, eventually eroding it away. In advanced cases, there is a total loss of the cartilage cushion between bones, causing friction that leads to pain, inflammation and joint mobility limitations.

Symptoms
Osteoarthritis can occur within any joint, but most often affects the hands and weight-bearing joints such as the knee, hip and spine. While the severity can vary widely, typical symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

· Joint pain following repetitive use of the joint
· Joint pain that worsens later in the day
· Swelling of the affected joint
· Warmth or redness of the affected joint
· Joint creaking
· Pain and stiffness after extended periods of inactivity
· Persistent OR intermittent pain
· Development of painful bony spurs at joint locations

Treatment
There is no magic pill or surgical intervention that offers a risk-free, reliable solution to cartilage degeneration and repair to the damage done by osteoarthritis. The goal of treating osteoarthritis is to reduce joint pain and inflammation while improving and maintaining joint function. Treatment for degenerative arthritis typically consists of:

· Weight reduction to minimize the weight-bearing responsibility on arthritic joints
· Avoiding activities exerting excessive stress on the affected joint cartilage to relieve pain and swelling
· Physical and occupational therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles, increase joint motion, and devise innovative plans for daily functioning
· Wearing mechanical support devices to reduce joint stress
· Medications administered orally, topically or via injection to decrease joint inflammation and pain
· A last resort, surgery may be performed to repair cartilage tears (arthroscopy), remove bone for realigning deformity (osteotomy), fuse degenerated joints together (arthrodesis), or replace a degenerated joint with an artificial joint (arthroplasty)

While medications or surgery may seem like ideal solutions for osteoarthritis pain, many people who have tried these options report otherwise. Medications for arthritic pain generally fall into the following categories: anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants and steroids. These drugs demonstrate three primary drawbacks – they have limited effectiveness, have a wide range of side effects, and may create dependence and tolerance, requiring progressively higher dosages for relief. Invasive surgery can also be problematic, either by not fixing the problem, causing more problems or offering only temporary relief.

Bodywork
Bodyworkers aim to relieve arthritic pain by increasing blood circulation to the affected area. Since there is a relatively poor network of vasculature in cartilage, an increase in local circulation brings fresh, oxygenated blood to an injured area and ushers out waste. In addition to reducing inflammation and pain, improving local circulation increases joint mobility. It is no surprise that bodywork is an ideal match for a person suffering with osteoarthritis.

Swedish Massage
Researchers from Yale Prevention Research Center and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey recently concluded that massage therapy is a safe and effective way to reduce pain and improve function in adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. Their 16-week study set out to identify the potential benefits of Swedish massage on osteoarthritis patients with pain, stiffness and limited range of motion. Participants in the trial’s massage intervention group received a standard one-hour Swedish massage twice a week for four weeks, followed by Swedish massage once a week for the next four weeks. After the first eight weeks of massage therapy, participants had improved flexibility, experienced less pain and improved range of motion. When reassessed eight weeks after completion of the massage intervention, the benefits of massage remained significant, although the magnitude of effect was somewhat reduced. “Massage is free of any known side effects and according to our results, clearly shows therapeutic promise,” said senior investigator of the study David L. Katz, M.D., associate adjunct professor in the Department of Epidemiology & Public Health at Yale School of Medicine and director of Yale's Prevention Research Center.

Balneotherapy
Balneotherapy is a therapeutic approach to health involving bathing. Inclusive of many bathing mediums, including hot or cold water baths, massage in water, vapor baths, bathing in water enriched with a variety of minerals, mud baths and other applications, balneotherapy is becoming increasingly popular in spas. Researchers at the Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Siena, in Siena, Italy, the Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of L'Aquila, in L'Aquila, Italy, and the Section of Clinical Hydrology at the University of Milan, in Milan, Italy found that two weeks of mineral baths and mud-pack applications per year, two years in a row, significantly improved symptoms of osteoarthritis and reduced the amount of hospital stays, missed workdays and necessary medication associated with this disease. Researchers from the Asaf-Harofe Medical Center, in Zerifin, Israel, and the Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, in Tel Aviv, Israel reported similar results. Following a study of 72 subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee, Israeli clinicians concluded that soaking in hot mineral pools once a week significantly improved the symptoms of osteoarthritis and reduced the amount of medication taken by people with this condition.

While treating one of the 20 million Americans with osteoarthritis with Western medicine may be a daunting task, there is tremendous promise in approaching this condition with massage and spa therapy. The three reputable studies referenced above leave no doubt that invigorating circulation with Swedish massage and balneotherapy can help a person with osteoarthritis. As more clinical trials demonstrate alternative medicine’s effect on joint health, an increasing number of physicians will recommend and prescribe bodyworkers’ services for their patients’ recovery.

References:

www.masssagemag.com, Balneotherapy Eases Osteoarthritis, Massage Magazine, Inc., March/April 2005.

www.massagemag.com, Spa Therapy for Osteoarthritis, Massage Magazine Inc., July/August 2004.

www.medicinenet.com, Osteoarthritis, William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR, MedicineNet, Inc., 2006.

www.medicalnewstoday, Swedish Massage Benefits Osteoarthritis Patients, MediLexicon International Ltd., December 2006.

www.sciencedaily.com, Swedish Massage Benefits Osteoarthritis Patients, ScienceDaily LLC, December 2006.

www.webmd.com, Arthritis Basics, WebMD Inc., 2007.

www.yale.edu, Swedish Massage Benefits Osteoarthritis Patients, David L. Katz, MD, Yale University, December 2006.

Keep it Moving: Lymph’s Role in a Healthy Body

While most massage professionals have a general understanding of the lymphatic system, few are fully aware of the critical role it plays in our overall health. Find out for yourself how manipulation of the lymphatic system can be beneficial to your clients and what conditions would prevent you from its use.

]]> by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

By warding off disease and healing injury, the lymphatic system supports every other system in the body. Despite the crucial role it plays, Western medical practitioners typically only evaluate the lymphatic system when there is a specific lymph problem, such as infection or congestion causing swelling or cancer affecting lymph tissue. Many would be surprised to learn that the body contains twice as much lymph fluid as blood. This precious fluid continuously bathes each cell, draining away debris in a circulatory system powered only by muscle contractions, breathing and movement. Because its stagnation can clog the entire system and allow toxins, bacteria and cellular waste to congregate, lymphatic fluid must be in motion.

Basic Lymph Anatomy
Through a network of vessels, lymph attends to nearly every cell in the body. Strung along lymph vessels like pearls knotted on a string, lymph nodes serve as a series of cleaning filters, working to rid the body of harmful bacteria and debris. In addition to the lymph nodes and vessels, there are various other components comprising the fascinating lymphatic system.

One of the lymph system’s crucial functions is generating and storing infection-fighting white blood cells. In addition to lymph nodes, principal lymph organs include the bone marrow (where B-lymphocytes are made), the spleen, tonsils and the thymus gland (where T-lymphocytes are made). A large concentration of lymph tissue also surrounds the intestines. This tissue absorbs fats and actively separates nutrients from pathogens, providing defense whenever needed.

Moving the Lymph
With its elaborate network of vessels and nodes, the lymph system circulates lymph throughout the entire body without a central operating pump. Dependent upon muscle contractions and manual manipulation, lymph manages to isolate and eliminate infection and cellular waste. Without a motor driving its circulation, deep breathing, exercise and massage are great ways to encourage lymph’s flow and to maintain the health of this essential system.

Inactivity can significantly restrict lymph’s flow. The movement created by combining deep breathing with stretching, such as yoga, has been shown to be an effective lymph circulation enhancement practice. Additionally, many experts claim that jumping on a trampoline is the perfect exercise for restoration and maintenance of the lymphatic system.

Massage therapists consider an increase in circulation to be the primary effect their work has on the body. While this benefit is largely attributed to circulation of the blood, many of bodywork’s successes also stem from its effect on the circulation of lymphatic fluid.

While all forms of massage will have some sort of effect on the lymph system, lymphatic drainage massage has the greatest impact. Although lymphatic drainage massage has little effect on blood circulation, its light pressure can increase lymph flow by up to ten times its normal rate. This style of massage is especially therapeutic for anyone with edema, swollen glands, toxic sludge build-up throughout the body, or chronic low immunity.

If considering a client with a recent or past history of cancer in the lymph system, a practitioner must obtain physician permission prior to beginning a session. Once malignancy is in the lymph system, every effort needs to be made to prevent its spread.

In addition to regular exercise and lymphatic drainage massage, some additional suggestions for maintaining lymphatic health include:

· Drink six to eight glasses of purified or filtered water per day. Staying hydrated helps maintain proper lymph fluid levels.

· Practice deep breathing. Breathing deeply from the diaphragm and through the nose is one of the best ways to move lymph fluid throughout the body.

· Support your body’s natural detoxification through perspiration. A weekly sauna or steam bath can facilitate the healthy removal of waste through the skin’s pores, lessening the load on the lymph system.

· Avoid restrictive clothing that presses on lymph nodes. Bras with under wires or garments that are too tight can impede lymph flow.

A properly functioning lymphatic system is crucial to all aspects of our health. A very complex network, congestion of the lymphatic system is considered by many to be at the heart of most diseases. As medical researchers focus more on the lymph system’s universal role, it will become increasingly clear that measures to prevent lymph stagnation result in people living healthier, longer lives. In addition to the suggestions listed above, learning to administer lymphatic drainage massage can benefit every one of your clients. By draining, facilitating and maintaining lymph flow, bodyworkers can learn to be an integral part of a disease prevention and wellness program.

References:

www.allaboutchi.com, What is this thing called lymph?, JMP Enterprises, LLC, 2007.

www.biotone.com, Lymphatic Drainage Massage, Sean Riehl, Biotone, 2007.

www.healthy.net, Swollen Glands, American Institute for Preventative Medicine, 2007.

www.lymphatichealth.com, Your Lymphatic System: Self-Care Techiques, Center for Lymphatic Health, 2007.

www.womentowomen.com, The Lymph System and Your Health, Marcelle Pick, OB/GYN, NP, Women to Women, 2007.